Taxes

There are generally only 3 times you are taxed on invested money:

• Tax on normal income(i.e. from your paycheck)
• Tax on yield while holding the asset(dividends from stocks, coupons/yield from bonds).
• Tax from any gains when you sell/withdraw the asset.

A Roth retirement account avoids the last 2. A traditional retirement account skips the first 2. A taxable brokerage account gets to pay all 3.

In general trying to optimize for “taxes” is probably not worth the extra work. Future taxes, like future return are unknown.